Serious Risk Disclosure
Rock Climbing and Abseiling
The serious risks you may be exposed to in this activity, and what AdventureWorks does to manage them.
▶★●
AdventureWorks Ltd is a registered Adventure Activity Provider under the Health and Safety at Work (Adventure Activities) Regulations. We are legally required to disclose any serious risks that participants may face when taking part in our activities.
This information is provided prior to booking and before the activity begins so that you can make an informed decision about participation.
What Is a "Serious Risk"?
A serious risk is one that could cause:
- Serious injury (e.g. fracture, spinal injury, concussion)
- Hospitalisation
- Permanent disability
- Death
These may occur even when all practicable safety measures are in place, due to the inherent nature of the activity.
Serious Risks in Rock Climbing and Abseiling
| Serious Risk | Description / How We Manage This Risk |
|---|---|
| Falls From Height — Instructor Error | An incorrect attachment, a belaying error or a mismanaged transfer to lowering can lead to a fall causing serious injury or death. Staff hold the verified competency for the role they are taking, and every critical attachment point is checked by eye and by hand before a person leaves the ground. Where more than one line is running, an overall safety supervisor moves between them checking systems. Rostering schedules breaks and rotates staff between roles, because error is most likely with fatigue, distraction and task repetition. |
| Falls From Height — Participant Belaying Error | Participants belay each other, and an error while catching a falling climber or transferring to lowering can drop that climber. Belayer competence is verified against defined categories before supervision is reduced, and belay checks and communication calls are taught and rehearsed before anyone leaves the ground. Only one climber is on a loaded line until the belayer is verified as intermediate, and a back-up belayer or a prusik on the brake rope is used where the primary belayer is new or the setting is distracting. |
| Ineffective Supervision | A supervision level that does not match verified competence leaves a participant belaying beyond their ability. Ratios and line limits for each scope are set and are not exceeded, Direct Supervision applies to every learner and novice belayer with a climber off the ground, the number of lines supervised is limited to what the belayer category allows, and a participant is returned to Direct Supervision whenever a new belay technique is introduced. |
| Anchor or Critical Connection Failure | Anchors and critical connections hold the whole system, and a failure is not survivable. Anchors and rigging give a safety margin of at least 22 kN for a two-person static load. Where an anchor outdoors holds a two-person load, at least two bolts are used and the load is shared. Anchors are built only by a person verified as competent to build them, and are proof tested unless they are through-bolted engineered anchors. |
| Falling From an Edge | Access, egress, waiting and setting up all happen near an edge, where a fall would cause serious injury. The Location Management Plan records the access and egress routes and where the safe zones are set. Safe zones are set and briefed back from every edge before anyone moves. Anyone exposed to an edge where a fall is likely is belayed or attached, personal anchor systems are positioned so a person cannot fall over an edge while attached, and locking carabiners and attachment points above waist height are used. |
| Falling Objects | Loose rock, debris or dropped equipment can strike a climber, belayer or bystander below. Only known venues with a completed site check are used. The top of every route is checked and loose rock removed before the session where it can be done safely, and a route is not used where large rock with fall potential cannot be removed. Ground at the top holding loose material is cordoned off, the fall zone is kept clear of bystanders, and helmets are worn. |
| Collapse of the Rock Face | A rock face can fail on a scale no equipment protects against. Stable faces are chosen, and a site is not used where the risk of collapse cannot be eliminated. Expert advice is obtained on face stability where it is beyond an instructor to judge, a monitoring schedule is set for each venue from the risk it carries, and any area where the risk exists is cordoned off. |
| Suspension Trauma | Hanging in a harness for a prolonged period causes circulation problems and can lead to unconsciousness. Safe suspension time limits are set for the route, the equipment and the rescue options available. Sessions are set up so nobody hangs unable to shift their pressure points, a releasable system or another way of recovering the person inside the safe time is used, and emergency scenarios including recovering a suspended, unconscious person are practised. |
| Person Stuck on the Rope | A jammed device, a ledge or a tangled belay rope can leave a person suspended and unable to move. A person verified in the rescue role, including ledge rescue, is present for the whole session. Every system is releasable, or has a hauling or second-rope option for recovery. A separate rope, a rope grab and a knife or scissors are carried for freeing a jammed device, and participants tie hair back, tuck in or remove loose clothing, and remove dangling jewellery before going onto a rope. |
| Loss of Control on the Descent | Descending too fast, rope burn, inverting, swinging into the face or going off the end of the rope all cause serious injury. The device is rigged for the friction the route and the participant need, a chest or full body harness is provided to a participant who may invert, and the rope is checked to reach the ground before anyone descends. Body position, speed control and braking are taught on low-angle ground first where practicable. |
| Lightning, Strong Wind, Heavy Rain or Earthquake | Severe weather makes a rock site unsafe very quickly. Sessions are cancelled, postponed, relocated or adapted where a weather warning covers them, and site-specific weather trigger points are recorded in the Location Management Plan. Climbing stops at the first sign of lightning and does not resume for 30 minutes after the last flash — the 30-30 rule. Activity stops where rain prevents clear sight of the person, or where wet rock makes the route unsafe. |
| Coastal Venues — Being Swept Off or Water Rising | At a coastal crag a person can be swept off, or water can rise at the base of a route. Site use parameters — margins either side of high and low water, maximum swell size and direction, and wind combinations — are recorded in the Location Management Plan. A venue is not used where safe waiting areas, escape routes and an evacuation procedure cannot be established, and safe waiting areas and escape routes are set before anyone is on a rope. The site parameters and local no-go indicators are applied, and the session is cancelled where they are exceeded. |
| Equipment Failure | Damaged, incorrectly stored, misused or wrongly specified equipment can fail under load. Correct storage and a logged history of use are maintained for all technical equipment. Life-bearing ropes are at least 22 kN and at least 9 mm, and of the right construction for the job. Equipment complies with a recognised standard and is made for climbing, abseiling or mountaineering, and every piece of safety equipment is identifiable so it can be tracked for inspection, maintenance and retirement. |
| Hypothermia at an Exposed Crag | Participants stand still for long periods while others climb, often at an exposed site with no shelter. Clothing requirements are communicated before the programme, the forecast is checked, instructors monitor participants for cold and rotate them to keep moving, shelter or a warming method is available, and the session is shortened or moved where conditions warrant. |
| Natural Hazards | Participants may be affected by storms, high winds, lightning, flooding, tree falls, rockfall, landslides, tsunami or volcanic activity. These hazards can cause serious injury or death. Instructors check the Location Management Plan and the hazard registers before the activity, monitor conditions continuously, and apply pre-set trigger points. AdventureWorks will cancel, postpone, relocate or adapt an activity when a trigger point is reached rather than after. Emergency response plans include natural hazard evacuation. |
| Remote Medical Emergencies | A medical event such as an asthma attack, allergic reaction or cardiac incident in a remote location may delay emergency support. Instructors hold a current first aid certificate, carry an AdventureWorks first aid kit and a communication device — a PLB or satellite communicator where cellphone coverage is not assured — and know the access points and emergency routes recorded in the Location Management Plan. |
| Undeclared Medical Conditions, Allergies or Medication | An undisclosed condition, allergy or medication can turn a manageable situation into a serious one. AdventureWorks collects health information before every programme, instructors avoid known triggers where anaphylaxis is declared and know where personal medication is kept, and an adapted or alternative activity is offered where a condition makes the planned programme unsuitable. This control only works if conditions are declared — please tell us, including anything that has changed since you filled in the form. |
Participant Responsibilities
Before taking part, you must:
- Understand the risks involved in the activity
- Declare any medical conditions or medications
- Wear appropriate PPE and clothing
- Follow all safety instructions
- Notify staff if you feel unsafe or unwell at any point
Questions?
Please contact us or talk to your instructor if you would like more information before participating.
Email Sam@adventureworks.co.nz · Phone 09 846 2644
严重风险披露
攀岩与速降
参加本活动可能面临的严重风险，以及 AdventureWorks 为管理这些风险所采取的措施。
▶★●
AdventureWorks 有限公司是根据《工作健康与安全（探险活动）条例》注册的探险活动提供商。我们依法有义务向参与我们活动的人员披露任何可能面临的严重风险。
此信息在预订之前和活动开始前提供，以便您做出是否参加的知情决定。
什么是“严重风险”？
严重风险是指可能导致以下后果的风险：
- 严重伤害（如骨折、脊柱受伤、脑震荡）
- 住院治疗
- 永久性残疾
- 死亡
即使已采取所有可行的安全措施，由于活动本身的特性，仍可能发生上述情况。
攀岩与速降中的严重风险
| 严重风险 | 说明／我们如何管理此风险 |
|---|---|
| 高处坠落——教练操作失误 | 连接错误、保护操作失误或下放交接处理不当，都可能导致坠落，造成严重伤害或死亡。工作人员必须持有其所担任岗位经核验的资质；任何人离地之前，每一个关键连接点都会经过目视和手触检查。同时运行多条绳线时，会有一名总体安全监督人员在各线之间巡查系统。排班安排休息并在岗位之间轮换人员，因为疲劳、注意力分散和重复作业最容易引发失误。 |
| 高处坠落——参与者保护操作失误 | 参与者之间互为保护，在制停坠落者或交接下放时出现失误，可能使攀登者坠落。在降低监护强度之前，保护员的能力会依既定等级予以核验；任何人离地之前都会讲解并演练保护检查与沟通口令。在保护员被核验达到中级水平之前，一条受力绳线上只允许一名攀登者；若主保护员是新手或环境容易分散注意力，会加设备用保护员或在制动绳上加装普鲁士绳结。 |
| 监护不到位 | 监护强度若与经核验的能力不匹配，参与者就会在超出自身能力的情况下担任保护。各活动范围的人员比例和绳线数量上限均有规定且不得超出；只要有攀登者离地，所有初学者和新手保护员都适用直接监护；同时监护的绳线数量以保护员等级所允许的为限；每次引入新的保护技术时，参与者都会回到直接监护状态。 |
| 锚点或关键连接失效 | 锚点和关键连接承载整个系统，一旦失效后果不可挽回。锚点与绳索装置对双人静态载荷的安全余量不低于 22 kN。户外锚点承载双人载荷时，至少使用两个膨胀螺栓并分担载荷。锚点只能由经核验具备搭建能力的人员搭建；除穿孔式工程锚点外，均须进行载荷测试。 |
| 从边缘坠落 | 进出、等待和布置作业都在崖边附近进行，一旦坠落会造成严重伤害。地点管理计划记录了进出路线以及安全区的设置位置。任何人移动之前，都会在距每处边缘一定距离处设定并讲解安全区。凡处于可能坠落的边缘位置者，都会予以保护或系结；个人锚固系统的布置确保人员在系结状态下不会翻越边缘；只使用带锁扣的铁锁，连接点设在腰部以上。 |
| 落石与坠物 | 松动的岩石、碎屑或掉落的装备可能击中下方的攀登者、保护员或旁观者。只使用已完成场地检查的已知场地。活动前会检查每条路线的顶部，在可安全操作的情况下清除松动岩石；若存在无法清除且有坠落可能的大块岩石，则不使用该路线。顶部有松散物的地面会予封锁；坠落区内不允许旁观者停留；所有人必须佩戴头盔。 |
| 岩壁崩塌 | 岩壁的整体崩塌是任何装备都无法防护的。我们只选择稳定的岩壁；若崩塌风险无法消除，则不使用该场地。岩壁稳定性超出教练判断能力时，会寻求专家意见；各场地依其风险程度设定巡查周期；存在崩塌风险的区域一律封锁。 |
| 悬吊创伤 | 长时间悬吊在安全带中会造成血液循环障碍，并可能导致失去意识。会依路线、装备和可用救援方式设定安全悬吊时限。活动布置确保没有人会在无法调整受压部位的状态下悬吊；采用可释放系统或其他能在安全时限内把人救下的方式；并演练包括救援悬吊中失去意识者在内的应急情景。 |
| 人员卡在绳上 | 器械卡死、岩台阻挡或保护绳缠绕，都可能使人悬在空中无法移动。全程都有经核验具备救援能力（含岩台救援）的人员在场。每套系统都可释放，或备有提拉、第二绳等回收方式。现场携带独立绳索、绳索抓握器和刀具或剪刀，用于解除卡死的器械；参与者上绳前须束起头发、收好或脱下宽松衣物，并取下悬垂的饰品。 |
| 下降过程中失控 | 下降过速、绳索摩擦烧伤、身体倒转、摆荡撞向岩壁或滑出绳尾，都会造成严重伤害。下降器会依路线和参与者所需的摩擦力进行装配；对可能出现身体倒转的参与者提供胸式或全身式安全带；任何人下降前都会确认绳索长度足以到达地面。身体姿势、速度控制和制动技术会在可行时先在低角度地形上教学。 |
| 雷电、强风、暴雨或地震 | 恶劣天气会使岩场在极短时间内变得不安全。若天气警报覆盖活动时段，活动会被取消、延期、更换地点或调整；各场地专属的天气触发点记录在地点管理计划中。一见雷电立即停止攀登，并在最后一次闪电后 30 分钟内不得恢复——即 30-30 规则。若降雨影响清晰观察人员，或岩壁湿滑使路线不安全，活动即停止。 |
| 海岸场地——被浪冲走或水位上涨 | 在海岸岩场，人员可能被浪冲走，路线底部的水位也可能上涨。场地使用参数——高低潮前后的时间余量、最大涌浪高度与方向、以及风向风力组合——均记录在地点管理计划中。若无法设定安全等待区、撤离路线和撤离程序，则不使用该场地；任何人上绳之前都会先设定安全等待区和撤离路线。活动严格执行场地参数和当地禁行指标，一旦超出即取消活动。 |
| 装备失效 | 受损、存放不当、使用不当或规格不符的装备可能在受力时失效。所有技术装备都保持正确存放并记录使用履历。承载生命的绳索强度不低于 22 kN、直径不小于 9 mm，且结构适用于相应用途。装备符合公认标准，且专为攀登、速降或登山设计；每一件安全装备都有可识别标记，便于追踪检查、维护和退役。 |
| 在暴露岩场的失温风险 | 在他人攀登时，参与者往往需要长时间静止站立，而岩场常常暴露、缺少遮蔽。衣物要求会在项目开始前告知；活动前会查看天气预报；教练会观察参与者是否受寒并安排轮换以保持活动；现场备有遮蔽处或取暖方式；条件需要时会缩短活动时间或更换地点。 |
| 自然灾害 | 参与者可能受到风暴、强风、雷电、洪水、倒树、落石、山体滑坡、海啸或火山活动的影响。这些危害可能造成严重伤害或死亡。教练会在活动前查看地点管理计划和危险登记册，持续监测环境状况，并执行预设的触发点。一旦达到触发点，AdventureWorks 会立即取消、延期、更换地点或调整活动，而不会拖延。应急响应计划包含自然灾害撤离安排。 |
| 偏远地区的医疗紧急情况 | 在偏远地点若发生哮喘发作、过敏反应或心脏事件等医疗状况，可能延误紧急救援。教练持有有效的急救证书，随身携带 AdventureWorks 急救包和通讯设备（在手机信号无法保证的区域会携带 PLB 或卫星通讯器），并熟悉地点管理计划中记录的进出通道和应急路线。 |
| 未申报的健康状况、过敏或用药 | 未申报的健康状况、过敏或用药，可能使原本可控的情况变得严重。AdventureWorks 会在每个项目开始前收集健康信息；若已申报严重过敏（过敏性休克），教练会避开已知诱因并掌握个人药物存放位置；若某项健康状况使原定项目不适合参加，我们会提供调整后的活动或替代活动。这项措施只有在您如实申报时才有效——请务必告知我们，包括填表之后出现的任何变化。 |
参与者责任
参加活动前，您必须：
- 理解活动中存在的风险
- 申报任何健康状况或所用药物
- 佩戴合适的个人防护装备并穿着适当衣物
- 遵守所有安全指示
- 如在任何时候感到不安全或不适，请立即告知工作人员
有疑问？
如果您想在参加之前了解更多信息，请联系我们或与您的教练交谈。
邮箱 Sam@adventureworks.co.nz · 电话 09 846 2644